Anal cancer refers to the development of abnormal cells in the tissues of the anus, which have the ability to multiply and spread.
While most anal cancers are squamous cell cancers (SCC), they can also be classified as adenocarcinomas of the anus.1
Anal cancer is classified as a rare cancer and is more common in people aged 50 to 60-years-old.1
Lifestyle, health and genetic factors that can increase your risk of developing anal cancer include:1
The most common cause of anal cancer is the sexually transmitted infection known as human papillomavirus or HPV. HPV increases the risk of many cancers, including cervical, vaginal, penile, mouth and throat cancers.2
The TNM system is used to stage anal cancer, and it helps doctors understand what your cancer looks like. TNM stands for:
Symptoms of anal cancer include:
However, as these symptoms can also be caused by other common conditions, it’s important to consult a medical specialist.
Haemorrhoids, or piles are soft lumps of enlarged blood vessels around and inside the anus. They usually result from a sudden increase in pressure – such as during pregnancy, constipation or heavy weight lifting.
Symptoms of haemorrhoids can include:5
Because the symptoms of haemorrhoids and anal cancer can be similar, it is extremely important that you see a healthcare professional if you are experiencing any symptoms of haemorrhoids or anal cancer so that a diagnosis can be made.
There is no proven way to prevent anal cancer. However, some things that can be done to reduce your risk include:2
Tests to diagnose anal cancer include:1